A closed adoption is when everything is basically done privately, without naming either party. Lets say you are the mother giving a child up for adoption, your name would not be given to the adopting parents. They would get limited, non-identifing information about you. It would be vice-versa if you were the adoptive parent, you would only get limited non-identifing information on the birth mother.
In my own adoption, my adoptive parents and I were given nationality, alergies, age and a short bio on how the situation was brought forth with the adoption. However, this was quite some time ago, and now, a medical background may be included.
Hope this helps.
Robin