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Need help re libel and slander claim

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Alabama

I am suing a man in Small Claims and I made some factual statements about poor workmanship done on my automobile. These were put on an international website for car enthusiasts.

They were completely honest, and I started every comment with "In my opinion..."

The Defendant in my case is claiming they are libelous and wants me to provide these materials to him as part of his attorney's Motion to Allow Discovery, Interrogatories and Requests for Production. Do I really have to provide him with these materials? It would seem that I would be doing his job for him as HE is the one making the claim. Shouldn't the Burden of Proof be on HIM?

He is countersuing me for $3,333 and "damage" to his reputation.

This is a Small Claim matter, and he has hired an attorney to intimidate me and sent 10 pages of legal Interrogatory jargon in the hopes I'll either do something incorrect with regard to procedure...or just become scared and drop the suit.

Any help you can offer is appreciated. I am attempting to obtain Legal Aid or Pro Bono help from local Las Schools and Bar Associations.
 


quincy

Senior Member
First of all, I am not an attorney, but an attorney on this forum will probably correct any mis-information I may inadvertently provide. All information provided here should be checked, at any rate, with your own attorney.

Most states provide that truth is a complete defense in any libel case, but some states may require that there were "good motives and justifiable ends" to the publication of any potentially libelous material. You should be able to prove that everything posted on this international website about the work done on your car was factually true or, in some cases, substantially true (there is no way to tell what level of inaccuracy will be tolerated by any particular court). Simply starting a statement or comment with "In my opinion" does not necessarily protect you in a libel case however if the statement or comment is honestly believed to be true and published in good faith and without ill-will, your statements may also be protected by fair comment and criticism.

Interrogatories are part of the Discovery process before a trial and, yes, you must make available to the person you are suing, or the person's attorney, the information you will be using in your suit against him. You are legally entitled to the same information from them.

Again, wait to see the posts from the attorneys on this forum, who may provide you with additional or different information.
 

Quaere

Member
I don’t know of any states that hear defamation cases in small claims court. If Alabama does hear such cases, please come back and let us know. If you haven’t already checked this out, you need to do so.

The Defendant in my case is claiming they are libelous and wants me to provide these materials to him as part of his attorney's Motion to Allow Discovery

They filed a Motion to Allow Discovery? Did you oppose the motion? If the motion was already decided, what does the order say?

Do I really have to provide him with these materials?

You can object to production of anything that plaintiff has equal access to.

Shouldn't the Burden of Proof be on HIM?

Yes, the burden of proof is on him. However, if he believes you have documents that will prove his case, he can make you produce them. UNLESS he can access the same documents himself.

He may be on a fishing expedition, trying to see what he can find to prove you defamed him.
 
Thanks Quaere

I had a simple small claims matter going...pretty cut and dried. He hired an attorney and started his "make-work" part of the matter. Probably hoping I'd get scared and go away.
He counter-complained and added Breach of Contract, Fraud (I stopped payment on a check after I discovered all the damage and poor workmanship he had done on my car),
and libel.

It does scare me, but my statements were truthful. I said I had gotten royally screwed and charged $7500 for $2500 worth of work which I then had to have re-done for $2500.

I said "In my opinion" the guy is a scam artist and incompetant. I felt it was Free Speech and 100% truthful.

They filed a Motion to Allow Discovery and the Judge signed it.
Can I oppose the motion, and if so is there a particular form? The order says It is ordered that the Defendant be and hereby is allowed to propound the Interrogatories and Requests for Production attached to said Motion to the Plaintiff.

Do I really have to provide him with these materials? Can I simply state that he has the Burden of Proof as he is is the one making the claim?

I do plan on filling out the Interrogatories and Requests for Production though as I feel overall they help my case.

Yes, he can access the same documents himself.

I believe you are right about his being on a fishing expedition. As I said I simply took his papers and transposed the Plaintiff and Defendant in it; correcting a few specifics and sent it back to them, through the courts, as my Motion for Discovery and Interrogatories and Requests for Production. I am retired...and he is trying to run a business so I am guessing he won't much like that time drain.

Thanks for your reply and any other guidance you can offer. I will have a legal aide person or pro bono attorney help me as soon as I find one.
 
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quincy

Senior Member
"In my opinion the guy is a scam artist and incompetent" can potentially give you problems with the "scam artist" part in a libel suit - those words can imply that you have knowledge about his business in more ways than just with your own experience, in that it implies he does poor work all the time and has become skillful at scamming people (which is probably not true). The "incompetence" part can be linked to your own experience, if you went on to describe the poor workmanship on your vehicle, and the man suing you for libel would have a hard time proving that this was libel and not opinion.

Usually, states have found that fair comment and criticism protection (opinion) does not extend to that which is falsely given out as "fact". It is a real fine line between opinion and libel.

Quaere will probably be posting again to address the rest of your concerns.
 
Reply to Quincy

I have heard from 4-5 other people that have personally had the same "scam" type of treament. Work done without giving estimates...then charging 2 to 3 times what they felt (and later found out to be true) the work was worth. They are my expert witnesses.

I understand there's a fine line between opinion and libel, and wish I had said nothing...but in the heat of the moment I was very upset and vented my true thoughts on the entire experience.
 

quincy

Senior Member
onefrostykat -

Did this car shop guy, or his attorney, mention to you the possibility of a retraction to your online comments?

Most states have "retraction statutes" which allow someone accused of libel to "correct" or "retract" the statements made, if there is no proof of malice. Malice is, basically, the intent without justification to commit a wrongful act (like libel). Most retraction statutes say something like "no civil action can be started on account of libelous publication before the person writing the libelous stuff has the chance to correct it". Newspapers often use the retraction statutes to avoid or at least mitigate punitive damages - you have probably seen these "corrections" in newspapers before. Retraction statutes aren't often used in online defamation cases but perhaps this guy suing you might be OK with a simple retraction or correction?

Alabama's retraction statutes are more generous than most states - a correction takes punitive damages off the table if there is no proof of malice, and even when malice is proved, the retraction statutes remove punitive damages if a correction is run.

Hopefully a lawyer on this forum will check this out to see if it is a viable option for your particular case - it might not be.

Also, "incompetent" can mean "failing to meet requirements" - use THAT definition when asked. It is not libelous and would meet your "truth" defense. :)
 
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To Quincy

First off, thanks for your assistance.

Did this car shop guy, or his attorney, mention to you the possibility of a retraction to your online comments? No no such request was made...how do I couch such an offer? Just informally and submitted through the courts?

Would you recommend just going on the website, posting a retraction and sending it to him through the courts. Would that be a good approach?

I would be willing do do that just to make this aspect of the case go away.

Thanks again, Quincy.
 

quincy

Senior Member
Well, I was hoping an attorney would have posted here by now, but this is what I would do as an editor, and you could/should wait for other responses:

First: I would go to the international car enthusiasts website and retract your comments. The retraction should be full and without reservation and you should not attempt to justify the libel. The retraction should be given the same prominence and space that the original comments you made did. The retraction should help to mitigate, and possibly bar, any punitive damages - especially since you are located in Alabama and Alabama has a friendly retraction statute.

The retraction should, hopefully, limit the car guy to actual damages (monetary or reputational), and actual damages may be difficult for him to prove. He has a history of doing shoddy work (here is where your "expert witnesses" will be valuable) and overcharging for the shoddy work (and you can show this with your car receipts and maybe even more "experts" to testify to the amount the car repairs should have cost).

Second: I would present to the Court, and the car guy's attorney, your retraction.

Now, as I said, I am not an attorney, and I am not sure how the courts handle online retractions. I work with newspapers. I am also not sure how the Court would view your original statement - a judge could very well consider it all opinion based on your experiences with car guy. My major concern is the "scam artist" part.

At any rate, wait for other responses. An attorney on this forum hopefully will post and let you know if the above course of action is the right one for you.
 

Quaere

Member
Defamation: The first thing you need to do is find out if your small claims court hears defamation claims. You are preparing to defend against three claims and that means you have too much to learn in a short time. If you can reduce the number of claims, you should do so.

If the defamation claim will be heard, you better be sure that nothing you wrote will qualify as defamation and no one here can tell you that without seeing it in it’s original context. If the content is still on line and you pm the url to me, I will look at it.

An accusation of “incompetence” is strictly opinion, unless it comes from someone qualified as an expert in the field in question.

If, when calling the car guy a scam artist, you published the facts surrounding your transaction with the guy, then you offered an opinion, not a statement of fact. That is not defamation.

Retraction statutes only apply to media and I don’t think your site would be considered media. I could be wrong on that point.

The theory behind a retraction statute is that the same people that read today’s erroneous report in a newspaper are likely to see the retraction a few issues later. In private defamation cases, since no one knows who heard the defamation or how they heard it, there is no way to measure the value of any given retraction. Thus, the court does not easily determine the value of a retraction in a non-media case.

A retraction has to be carefully written so as not to admit guilt, but it is free and when in doubt it’s the right thing to do.

Fraud: To prevail in a fraud claim your opponent will have to prove you never intended to pay for his services. Does he have some way to prove that? If not, all you have to do is testify that you intended to pay a reasonable price for acceptable work. Unless he has some evidence to defeat that, he loses the fraud claim because “intent to defraud” is an element of the claim.

Breach of contract: From what you’ve written here, there was no valid contract. He promised to do the work and the amount of payment was left open. He didn’t give you an estimate? If you made no specific promise of “consideration”, there was no contract to breach or the contract was too ambiguous to enforce.

He may fabricate an estimate to try and convince the court there was a valid contract. Have you requested copies of any such documentation he plans to use in your request for docs?

They filed a Motion to Allow Discovery and the Judge signed it.
Can I oppose the motion, and if so is there a particular form?

When the motion was filed, you had a given period in which to oppose it. You didn’t oppose it so the Judge had no reason to deny it.

The order says It is ordered that the Defendant be and hereby is allowed to propound the Interrogatories and Requests for Production attached to said Motion to the Plaintiff.

So they are allowed to take discovery. There are numerous objections available to you. Consider each question or request and if there is an objection that fits the situation, use it.

See the following: http://www.falseallegations.com/ans-ints.htm AND http://underground.musenet.org:8080/~bkort/bedford/interrog.html for more examples, google answers to interrogatories

You need to research the various reasons to object and use them where you see fit.

Do I really have to provide him with these materials? Can I simply state that he has the Burden of Proof as he is is the one making the claim?

He is entitled to ask you to provide anything that may support his claim or his defense to your claim that he cannot obtain EXCEPT through you.

I do plan on filling out the Interrogatories and Requests for Production though as I feel overall they help my case.

If you have nothing to hide you should be able to answer the questions safely. Make your answers as short as possible. Don’t explain anything; just answer the question as it was asked. This is not the place to plead your case. The more you say in these sworn answers, the more you help opposing counsel twist your words against you.

sent it back to them, through the courts, as my Motion for Discovery and Interrogatories and Requests for Production.

Through the court? This guy is represented by counsel and all discovery requests should be sent directly to counsel. The court doesn’t want any part of the discovery going on between you two. Discovery documents are not usually filed with the court. I doubt if the court will send the documents on. If you haven’t sent a copy to opposing counsel, you need to do so.

If the guiy i I am retired...and he is trying to run a business so I am guessing he won't much like that time drain.

He’s hired an atty who may have convinced him that YOU will end up reimbursing him for any legal fees. He won’t be spending any time, his atty. will.

I have heard from 4-5 other people that have personally had the same "scam" type of treament. Work done without giving estimates...then charging 2 to 3 times what they felt (and later found out to be true) the work was worth. They are my expert witnesses.

These are not expert witnesses. An expert witness is someone that has a level of expertise in some area that the common person does not have. You may be able to get these witnesses in the “show a pattern” but you can expect opposing counsel to object to allowing them in because they have no first hand knowledge of YOUR case.

An expert witness in your case, would be an individual with sufficient credentials to convince the court that he knows what he’s talking about when he gives his opinion of the quality of the defendant’s work. Another expert witness would be someone that is able to attest to what is a reasonable and customary charge for the work defendant performed.
You have to jump through some hoops to qualify someone as an expert for the court.

You probably have what you need to prove your case and to defend against all of the counter claims, but if you don’t know exactly what you have to prove, you will lose.

You have to know and understand the elements of each claim as well as the possible defenses to each claim. Then you have to know the rules of evidence or you will be sitting there with a smoking gun that you are not allowed to present to the court.
 

Quaere

Member
Would you recommend just going on the website, posting a retraction and sending it to him through the courts. Would that be a good approach?

Do not send the guy anything through the court because it probably won't get to him. Do not contact him directly either (you are not allowed to contact him if he is represented by counsel), send all communications directly to his atty.
 

quincy

Senior Member
Quaere -
Actually, the large majority of libel cases are based on someone being falsely accused of "crime, moral failings, and incompetence in trade or profession," so incompetence can be libelous whether an expert says it or not - it is "libel per se" - but I think that a court may find onefrostykat's use of it to be opinion in this case. And, in the definition I gave him, it would not be libelous...although courts are supposed to look at the "common" definition of a word instead of the more obscure definitions.

However, as I said, the "scam artist" statement is the one that worries me the most, as it imputes a "standard" business practice and not merely a one-time occurence. You will hopefully be able to read onefrostykat's entire post to see how it all sounds.

onefrostykat -
You should have a copy of the retraction to PRESENT to the court when you are IN court - I apparently implied you should send it in advance and that is not what I meant.
 
Thanks Quincy

I have sent a Personal Message to Quaere showing everything I wrote on-line. He/She has been very helpful, as have you. I appreciate it a lot.

The "scam artist" part concerns me also. I will have 4-5 people in court that will attest that they also had the same exact problem with the man in question. That should show a "pattern" and I am hoping the Judge will see what I meant and that I had good reason to believe in my opinion. Hopefully, no malice will be found...just me being truthful.

Next time I'll be more cautious before stating my opinions.
 

quincy

Senior Member
It is very hard to "censor" what you write or say when you feel you have been scammed - so I understand completely. I hope all of this works out well for you. Good luck! :)
 

Quaere

Member
Quincy:
so incompetence can be libelous whether an expert says it or not

You are correct. With some supporting statements, any person might appear to be making a statement of fact regarding the competence of another.

I am happy to report that OP's posts include only that which is protected by the First Amendment. He gave everyone the facts upon which he based his opinion, which allows each of them to draw their own conclusions. Thus, his own conclusion that the guy is a scam artist or incompetent, is clearly opinion.
 
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