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Arizona Vs. Miranda Statement supression

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Jake648012003

Junior Member
What is the name of your state?What is the name of your state? MO

Here is the scenario:

An investigation, which was conducted from an “anonymous tip”, indicated three young adult males, and the mother of the “victim” as four primary suspects in a statutory sodomy case. Currently all suspects that were indicated during the investigation are in custody or have been in custody. The person described in the following situation was determined to be a suspect before he was contacted by a state police investigator.

A 21-year-old Suspect in a statutory sodomy case (of a 16-year-old) was contacted via telephone, asked to come to the station or "the officer would come to the house", to keep the officers away from the house because of embarrassment, the suspect had the investigator schedule a meeting at the station. The officer would not tell him what the “issue” was about.

Upon going to the meeting the suspect he was asked if he would like a cup of coffee, and was directed to an interrogation room. The interrogation room was located in the “basement” or downstairs of the large “military setting” state patrol troop headquarters building, the room contained a one-way mirror, and a polygraph machine. The room was described as small in nature. Suspect advised he knew there was other investigators/officers behind the one-way mirror, he heard them talk at one point, and could see though at one point due to the door on the observation room (opposite side of one-way mirror) being left open.

The investigator entered the interrogation room, closed the door, told the suspect he was not in trouble in any way, nor a suspect, and told him this interview was totally voluntary. At no point during the interrogation was the suspect ever read his Miranda rights. During the interrogation the investigator told the suspect he knew he was lying, that he “did not like to be lied to, and he had 14 statements against him”.

The investigator let him read the “victim’s” statement, preceded to tell him his honesty would determine the "length of his sentence" and went into discussion of the "Scott Peterson Trial”. The investigator said "see look what happened to Scott Peterson, he lied, and now he's getting the death penalty". When the suspect started to cry the investigator allowed the suspect to go outside to smoke a cigarette, but followed him outside and continued to talk about the case, stood with him the entire time, when finished he directed him back to the interrogation room. The suspect asked the investigator if he “should get an attorney", the investigator told him "no you are not in trouble this is all voluntary". The suspect admitted to doing some minor things with the “victim”. The investigator told the suspect he was “sending the case to be reviewed by the prosecutor”. The suspect was allowed to leave the station. The investigator told him if warrants were issued he would contact him to turn himself in. The total duration of the interrogation was approximately 1.5 hours. The suspect advised me he “felt there was no way he could have gotten out of there during the interrogation”.

One week later a warrant with four counts of statutory sodomy in the 2nd degree was issued for the suspect’s arrest. The suspect was contacted and he turned himself in within an hour and a half. Suspect is still in custody.

So basically I guess the question is: Was the suspect in a “in custody and interrogation” situation that requires Miranda Warning and should statements be suppressed? I believe he is based on the following points:

1. Investigator contacted via telephone, basically told him he would come to the house if he did not come to the station. Suspect went to the station to avoid the embarrassment of the police being at his house. He felt he had no other choice but to go.

2. The interrogation was conducted in an obvious interrogation room located in a downstairs/basement area, behind closed doors inside the police station.

3. The investigator told the suspect he was lying, asked him specific questions regarding a specific crime, which institutes "interrogation".

4. Investigator lied about statements and evidence against suspect in attempts to get an incriminating response.

5. Investigator made threats that he was going to get the “maximum punishment”, using "death penalty" as an example IF the truth was not told.

6. Investigator would not let the suspect out of his sight, even for "breaks".

7. Investigator lied about the suspect "not being in trouble or a suspect". Told him he “did not need a lawyer, because he was not in trouble”.

8. The young age of the suspect, never dealing with the police before in a suspect capacity, and was extremely intimidated due to the “military” setting of the large state building, and the location of the interrogation room.

I don't feel this is a correct way to do business, and is an OBVIOUS attemt to "Skate around" the laws set fourth.
 


S

seniorjudge

Guest
You are leaving a lot of stuff out, that is apparent.

But, anyway, you said you "...admitted to doing some minor things with the 'victim'."

So, if you did not admit to sodomy, then there was nothing in any of your statements that could be used against you; thus, no Miranda warning violation.

The charges were obviously based on something else.
 

Jake648012003

Junior Member
I believe he admitted to some mutual masturbations witch goes along with the "statutory sodomy" laws in this state.

Statutory sodomy, second degree, penalty.
566.064. 1. A person commits the crime of statutory sodomy in the second degree if being twenty-one years of age or older, he has deviate sexual intercourse with another person who is less than seventeen years of age.
2. Statutory sodomy in the second degree is a class C felony.
 

rmet4nzkx

Senior Member
Suspect had several oportunities to request counsel between the telephone call and the interrogation and after prior to charges being issued. Suspect should retian a criminal defense attorney.
 
S

seniorjudge

Guest
Jake648012003 said:
I believe he admitted to some mutual masturbations witch goes along with the "statutory sodomy" laws in this state.

Statutory sodomy, second degree, penalty.
566.064. 1. A person commits the crime of statutory sodomy in the second degree if being twenty-one years of age or older, he has deviate sexual intercourse with another person who is less than seventeen years of age.
2. Statutory sodomy in the second degree is a class C felony.

http://www.moga.mo.gov/statutes/chapters/chap566.htm

Aha! New facts. Now the suspect is admitting to doing MAJOR things with the child.

But yes, "suspect" definitely needs a criminal defense attorney. The questions you have asked are "fact specific" which means that if there is an exclusionary hearing, it depends on what the facts are in the case. The cops' version will be a lot different than the suspect's version. E.g., the fact that the suspect went outside for a smoke and then came back in shows that it was voluntary.

Anyway...get that lawyer.
 
also the police said an interveiw instead of arresting him the only time rights are read is when someone is a suspect and has been arrested, at least here in michigan its that way. the dumbest thing anyone can do is talk to the police without a lawyer present, bottom line without a lawyer present you should never talk to the police nor offer any information that the police hasn't asked for. i'm not saying be dishonest but if your being questioned about something don't say well no i didn't do that but i did this here. 99% of the people who get charged with crimes set themselves up by trying to be to honest in their answers. police ask did you take anything from the store, suspect no sir i did not but this person gave me something and i took it home. well guess what? you just set your self up for recieving stolen property charges as well as theft charges, even though you give everything back that you were given and unless the person that gave it to you admits they gave it to you, your word against theirs so because you had the stolen items your going to be charged with the crime as well as the stolen property charge. in michigan because statements given are not taped police rely on notes and memory to type out your statement after you leave and present it to the DA. you don't even get to read and sign the statement after the police write it up. if questioned all the police habve to say is you refused to sign it and again your word against theirs.
 

calatty

Senior Member
##5 and 7 were arguably improper. The police are not allowed to promise reduced punishment in return for a confession. They must also cease the interrogation immediately if the suspect requests a lawyer, but only if he does so unequivocally. Your suspect appears to have asked if he needed one, not unequivocally requested one. The police have to give Miranda warnings prior to a "custodial" interrogation. The fact that your suspect voluntarily came to the station and the police told him he was there voluntarily would lead a court to find the interrogation was not custodial. Even if the police did make illegal promises, did they do it on tape? If not, then your suspect loses in a contest between his word and theirs.
 
calatty said:
##5 and 7 were arguably improper. The police are not allowed to promise reduced punishment in return for a confession. They must also cease the interrogation immediately if the suspect requests a lawyer, but only if he does so unequivocally. Your suspect appears to have asked if he needed one, not unequivocally requested one. The police have to give Miranda warnings prior to a "custodial" interrogation. The fact that your suspect voluntarily came to the station and the police told him he was there voluntarily would lead a court to find the interrogation was not custodial. Even if the police did make illegal promises, did they do it on tape? If not, then your suspect loses in a contest between his word and theirs.
I had a two pager written in response to OP's questions when the server killed my post. (Drat !) But calatty says the bulk of it. With a few exceptions.

This "custody" arrangement (arising out of a "consentual encounter" with LE; coming voluntarily to the station for example; CAN change from "consentual" to "custody" for Fourth Amendment purposes.)

It is precisely for this very reason where a good attorney earns his keep. Being able to successfully argue just "exactly and precisely" when "consentual" was converted to "custody".
 

Jake648012003

Junior Member
Well I feel this particular case turned into a custodial situation...just based off the content of the "interview” I’m currently IN law enforcement, and would never ever consider handling a "interview" in this fashion.,.....BUT in saying that my opinions in THIS particular case could just be clouded because I know this person, and know he's a good guy and doesn't deserve what’s going on. hell...there are only five years difference between the two....and he was only 21 for like less than a month when this occurred (allegedly).
 

nanaII

Member
Questioning

Maybe I watch too many crime shows, but I have a valid question. Is there any point during an interrogation/questioning (whatever you want to call it) that a detainee can walk out of the interrogation room, and refuse to answer any further questions if they are continually questioned even after they've said they don't want to answer until they've talked to an attorney?
 

CdwJava

Senior Member
Jake648012003 said:
Well I feel this particular case turned into a custodial situation...just based off the content of the "interview” I’m currently IN law enforcement, and would never ever consider handling a "interview" in this fashion.,.....BUT in saying that my opinions in THIS particular case could just be clouded because I know this person, and know he's a good guy and doesn't deserve what’s going on.
I'd have to disagree that it had converted into a custodial situation. It would have to be shown that a reasonable person in a similar situation would believe that he was not free to go ... and clearly he WAS free to go. He was told that his appearance and participation was voluntary, he was allowed to smoke a cigarette, AND allowed to leave the station. Certainly it's arguable, and, depending on the totality of the circumstances, I would tend to think that there is no Miranda violation here.

- Carl
 

CdwJava

Senior Member
nanaII said:
Maybe I watch too many crime shows, but I have a valid question. Is there any point during an interrogation/questioning (whatever you want to call it) that a detainee can walk out of the interrogation room, and refuse to answer any further questions if they are continually questioned even after they've said they don't want to answer until they've talked to an attorney?
Sure! If they are told they cannot go, then Miranda WOULD apply. And they would have to either arrest him or justify a further detention ... and in my state, any further interrogation after Miranda and an invocation could result in serious civil liability for the officer.

- Carl
 

Jake648012003

Junior Member
From my hours and hours of reading on the topic I have come to the conclusion there are no exact answers. Custodial comes from a feeling of "not free to leave" EVEN IF he WAS allowed to leave. A LOT of deciding factors come into play:

1. Location of interview (basement, could someone who never visited find his way out?)

2. Age of suspect.... has he ever dealt with the police before?

3. Number of officers in the area and if they are visible or not.

4. Size and layout of interview room.

5. HOW the officer talks to you and the things he says
(For example here "tell the truth and you won't get the maximum punishment, look at Scott Peterson, he lied, now he's got the death penalty)...that right there tells an average person they are going to be punished.... so why WOULD you be free to leave? What does "DEATH PENALTY" convey to a young man that has never been in trouble EVER?


Unfortunately it’s not as simple as “I told him he was free to leave, so in that case I didn’t have to read him Miranda”. AND unfortunately it’s not black and white on when it does turn into a situation on when the “average person would not feel free to leave”.

I mean don't get me wrong.... I’m a detective supervisor of about 5 years now, a street supervisor, and a patrol officer. So I know how these things can get out of hand. But I WILL say I have NEVER conducted an interview in this fashion. I use the rule if they are already the suspect in the case...Miranda IS read period.

Oh yeah...on the allowed to go outside to smoke he WAS escorted by a detective who kept questioning (Detective didn't smoke).
 
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