Please only answer the simply question? Do I have a case with information provided above?
For yourself, you can easily see there are quite number of Ramadan & PE related incidents and lawsuits. Some more trivial than your daughters, others involving more serious dehydration.
The reality of how good a case you have depends on what you want. You won't get to 'undo' what happened.
So you need to think about What do you want?
Do you want an apology?
The teacher disciplined? Fired?
A published standard for PE&Ramada?
Cash? a Scholarship? 3 Million dollars?
Donation to a charity?
These are CENTRAL questions to whether or not you have a realistic case.